King & Wood, P.A.

What Kind of Trust Helps a Family with Young Children?

“My trust can also ensure that if I die while my daughter is a minor, my money will meet her needs as she grows up.”

Trusts are not just for wealthy people. They are used when a family has young children and wishes to ensure that there is a plan in place to care for the children in case the parents die or become incapacitated. A recent article from Business Insider, “I asked an estate planning attorney the best way to establish a trust for my 2-year-old daughter,” explains what parents can do to protect their youngest loved ones.

There are a few different trusts to consider, depending on your situation:

Revocable Living Trust. The revocable trust is the most flexible. It is a separate legal entity with language directing how assets will be used for different scenarios. For instance, if someone dies or becomes disabled and their beneficiaries are all children, the trustee will manage and allocate necessary financial resources to support the children. Many estate planning attorneys consider a trust even more important than a will, since it doesn’t require the estate to be settled before trustees can access the assets.

An IRA Trust. You may want to consider creating an IRA trust if you own an IRA. This allows a minor child to be the beneficiary of the retirement account. On the death of the IRA owner, assets go into the trust, which has a trustee who manages the asset until the person comes of age or whenever the original owner wants them to receive the money.

When a regular IRA account is left to a minor, the family must petition the court to obtain a court-appointed guardian to manage the account until the minor is of legal age. With an IRA trust, you’ve clarified who the trustee should be and when the child will receive the money. If the money is not needed and can remain in the trust, it is a protected asset for their future.

A Trust for Minors. This allows you to leave assets to a child until they reach a certain age, which you articulate in the trust. You can leave all or a portion of the money to the beneficiary to be distributed when you feel they can manage it. You decide when to release the funds, who the trustee should be, the rules for how the money is to be spent and when the minor may receive income.

An Education Trust. In addition to creating a 529 College Account for a minor child, it’s a good idea to create an Education Trust to be sure the funds will be used for education. You can assign a certain amount for education and state the age you’d like the beneficiary to receive any leftover funds.

An estate planning attorney can help you create a plan for your children or grandchildren to ensure that they have the funds they need in case of tragedy and place guardrails on the money so it’s protected.

Reference: Business Insider (Jan. 31, 2025) “I asked an estate planning attorney the best way to establish a trust for my 2-year-old daughter”

Top Myths of Estate Planning

“Having a plan in place ensures that your finances and health care are handled by someone you trust.”

There are far more than five myths about estate planning. However, the article “5 common myths about estate planning, debunked” from Utah Business examines the most common ones. Estate planning is crucial to safeguarding your financial future and asset disposition and ensuring that the right people are involved in caring for you in case of incapacity. Estate planning is for your life and your legacy.

Biggest myth of all: You only need a Will for estate planning. Your estate plan begins with a Last Will and Testament. However, a comprehensive estate plan addresses more than the distribution of assets. Trusts are used to ensure that assets are transferred to the right beneficiaries in a timelier manner than they would be if passed through your will. Your estate plan should include a Power of Attorney, Health Care Directive and a Living Will.

Myth 2: Only seniors need estate plans. Anyone of legal age who has a family and owns property needs a will. Young families need an estate plan to protect their children and ensure that the parent’s assets and any life insurance proceeds are managed and distributed to their children according to the parent’s wishes. Parent’s wills need to include naming a guardian to raise children in the unlikely event of both parents dying while the children are still minors. Without naming a guardian, a court decision will determine who raises your children.

Myth 3: Only rich people need wills. An argument could be made that estate planning is more critical for people who aren’t rich, protecting and growing more modest estates. A well-crafted estate plan will protect the estate from creditors, deter litigation between family members and minimize tax liabilities so wealth can be passed to the next generation.

Myth 4: Estate planning is only about what happens after death. Estate planning addresses what should happen in case of incapacity because of illness or an accident. If you can’t communicate your wishes, these documents allow others to act on your behalf. A Power of Attorney appoints someone to handle your financial and legal matters. Standard POAs aren’t the best option, since they may allow someone too much or insufficient control. You’ll also want a Health Care Power of Attorney so someone you name can take over your medical care and talk with your doctors and health insurance company. Another reason for placing assets into a trust is that the successor trustee may manage assets in the trust if you are incapacitated.

Myth 5: Once your estate plan is created, you’re all set. Your car and home require ongoing maintenance—and so does your estate plan. Life and laws change, and your estate plan won’t work if it’s outdated. Triggering events like marriage, divorce, birth, relocating, or big changes to your financial situation require a review of your estate plan.

Consult an experienced estate planning attorney to create or review your estate plan. You’ll breathe easier knowing you’ve taken steps to protect yourself and your loved ones.

Reference: Utah Business (June 12, 2024) “5 common myths about estate planning, debunked”

How Does a Pour-Over Will Work?

“For those who want to avoid the court-controlled process that takes place after a person’s death (known as “probate”)—using a Revocable Living Trust is typically the best way to do so.”

A Revocable Living Trust allows a married couple or a single person to direct what they wish to happen to their possessions after death. It also indicates who will be in charge of carrying out their instructions without the involvement of a probate court, explains a recent article from Coeur d’Alene/Post Falls Press, “If you have a living trust, you also need a pour-over will.”

It should be noted that the Revocable Living Trust instructions only apply to assets placed into the Trust, referred to as “funding the trust.” This crucial step must occur as soon as the trust is created. Your estate planning attorney can help you get your assets into the trust. However, if you acquire any new assets over time, they, too, must be placed into the trust.

If you don’t remember to put them into the trust, they become part of your probate estate unless you take steps to prevent this from happening.

If you don’t have a will and assets are not included in your Revocable Living Trust, your assets will be distributed according to your state’s laws. This is probably not what you thought when you created the Revocable Living Trust.

However, this is a problem with a solution. Your estate planning attorney needs to create what is referred to as a “Pour-Over Will.” This type of will differs from a traditional one because it includes specific instructions to place any assets not already in your trust into your trust as soon as possible.

This type of will must go through the probate process. However, probate will only apply to assets left out of the trust. Having most of your assets inside the Revocable Living Trust will help probate to be less arduous for all concerned.

The goal of using a Revocable Living Trust is to avoid probate altogether. Therefore, combining the Revocable Living Trust with a Pour-Over Will adds another layer of protection all trust users should have in place.

If you are a parent with minor children, you should have had a will created by an experienced estate planning attorney as soon as your children were born. The will is used to name the person or people who you want to serve as guardians for your minor child or children if both of the child’s parents are deceased or unavailable to act as parents.

Without this provision in your will, a court will determine who will raise your child. Will it be the person you would have chosen? There’s no way to know unless you put this information into your will.

These details in estate planning go a long way in protecting your family and ensuring that your wishes are carried out.

Reference: Coeur d’Alene/Post Falls Press (Nov. 29, 2023) “If you have a living trust, you also need a pour-over will”

Estate Planning for Millennials and Gen Zers

“Millennials and Gen Zers are taking their estate planning seriously. These tips can help make the process seem less daunting.”

Estate planning is increasingly on the mind of younger adults, far from the stereotype of being only of interest to older, affluent couples nearing retirement or dealing with health concerns. These younger generations have unique attributes, including pragmatic financial views and humanitarian concerns, according to a recent article, “Six Estate Planning Tips for Younger Generations,” from Kiplinger. Here are tips to make this process easier for any generation.

Start with a basic will, which guides how assets and possessions are distributed after one’s passing. Prepared by an experienced estate planning attorney, the will should minimize potential disputes, include a clear delineation of assets and beneficiaries and name an executor to manage the estate and guardianship for any surviving dependents.

Appoint a power of attorney and draft medical directives. Power of Attorney and Medical Directives are basic documents that state your preferences during incapacity. A POA grants a named individual the legal authority to act on your behalf for legal and financial matters, if you cannot do so. Medical directives establish your wishes regarding medical treatment and end-of-life care. While taking care of these matters, you may also want to consider becoming an organ donor.

Determine who you want to be your children’s guardian. Naming a guardian of your minor children isn’t pleasant. However, it ensures that you and your partner make this decision, not the court.

Consider a living trust. Living trusts offer a strategic means of managing assets and helping to ensure that your surviving loved ones maintain control of your assets after you have passed. The trust, established with the help of an estate planning attorney, grants ownership of certain assets or properties into the trust, which becomes their owner. A trustee is named to manage and distribute these assets in accordance with your wishes. In some instances, it makes sense to hire a professional trustee, especially if the trust will need to be managed for decades.

By taking assets out of your estate and placing them into a trust, these assets won’t go through the probate process. Probate involves your executor filing your will with a court after you die. The court reviews the will to validate it and grants the named executor the power to execute your final instructions. Probate can be lengthy, expensive and emotionally charged for the family. Your will is entered into the public record, so anyone who wants to can see your will and know your final wishes.

Don’t forget your digital assets. Younger generations are more aware of the value and footprint of their digital assets. They often name a specific digital executor in their estate plans to ensure that their many accounts and digital assets are managed after their passing.

Seek professional advice and update documents. Despite a plethora of online sites and apps, estate planning documents require the skillful handling of an experienced estate planning attorney. Estate laws are state-specific, so wills and trust documents must be created with local laws in mind. Your estate plan documents, from wills to insurance policies, should be reviewed every three to five years. Every time there’s a significant change in your life, like getting married, buying a home, having a child, or getting divorced, this should also be done.

Reference: Kiplinger (Dec. 3, 2023) “Six Estate Planning Tips for Younger Generations”

What are the Basics of Estate Planning?

“Discussing estate planning with others can be uncomfortable and easily avoided, yet this is an important part of financial planning.”

Every adult needs to have an estate plan, regardless of how large or small their estate is. The pandemic prompted many Americans to realize this, according to a recent article from Forbes, “What Is Estate Planning? A Guide And FAQ For Investors.”

Estate planning starts with a last will and testament and key documents including a Power of Attorney, trusts and medical directives. Creating an estate plan allows a family to protect investments and other assets during disability or illness and ensure the distribution of property after death. At the same time, taxes and probate are minimized or avoided.

Estate planning provides many benefits to the individual and their families. One of these is relieving stress and uncertainty during a difficult time.

Estate planning also addresses planning for the care of minor children in the event both parents pass away.

A last will is a legal document addressing property, assets and investments and their distribution after the owner’s death. If there is no will, the state’s laws determine how the estate will be distributed. A will is also used to name a guardian for minor children, so every young family should have a will. Without a will naming a guardian, the court will make decisions about the children’s guardian, possibly appointing a person the parents might not have chosen.

Trusts are outstanding estate planning tools used to solve a wide variety of planning problems. There are Marital Trusts used to pass assets to a spouse without incurring estate taxes and Bypass Trusts used to hold assets for a surviving spouse but structured so that when the surviving spouse passes, the assets go to the named beneficiaries—typically children from a prior marriage.

Trusts are also used to make donations to charities. Some are created to make a gift and create a steady income stream for beneficiaries.

Your estate planning attorney can recommend which type of trust works best for you.

Every adult should have a Power of Attorney in place. This gives someone the legal power to act on behalf of another person if they cannot act for themselves. The POA can be drafted to be broad, allowing the agent to act on all matters, or limited so the agent can only perform specific tasks.

Medical directives are perhaps the hardest to contemplate, since no one likes to imagine themselves at death’s door. These are also critical to give family members and healthcare providers information about what a person wants in the event of extreme illness. A Heath Care Proxy allows another person to make critical decisions for you.

Beneficiary designations are often ignored and can undo an estate plan. Let’s say that you have a life insurance policy purchased several decades ago, and in the intervening years, you divorced and remarried. Who is the beneficiary named on the life insurance policy? If it’s your ex-spouse, they’ll get an unexpected windfall when you die. All accounts with beneficiary designations should be reviewed every year or two to ensure that they are still appropriate.

Estate planning may seem daunting. However, working with an experienced estate planning attorney will make the process easier and ensure that your wishes are carried out and your family will be protected.

Reference: Forbes (November 28, 2023) “What Is Estate Planning? A Guide And FAQ For Investors”

Do You Need a ‘Pour-Over’ Will?

“For those who want to avoid the court-controlled process that takes place after a person’s death (known as ‘probate’)—using a Revocable Living Trust is typically the best way to do so.”

A revocable living trust gives a married couple or individual the power to direct what should happen after they die to assets and possessions placed within a Revocable Trust. The trust also indicates who should be in charge of carrying out these instructions without the involvement of a probate court judge, explains a recent article, “How does a Pour-Over Will work?” from Coeur d’Alene/Post Falls Press.

A Last Will and Testament, referred to as a “will,” is the traditional document that leaves instructions about what you want to happen to your assets when you die and includes the name of your executor, the person you want to carry out your wishes. If you have a will, do you still need a trust? Probably.

A Revocable Living Trust will only concern the specific assets and possessions you’ve placed into the trust. This is known as “funding the trust.” When the trust is first established, your estate planning attorney will help you with the steps needed to ensure that assets are retitled so they are owned not by you but by the trust.

As time passes, if you acquire new assets or possessions, you might forget to have them placed in the trust. This is a common oversight and can have major implications for the success of your overall estate plan.

If you die and there are assets outside of the trust, they will likely need to go through the court-controlled probate process. You were trying to avoid this in the first place by establishing a trust.

If you don’t have a will, these assets will be distributed according to state law instead of your wishes.

There is a solution—the Pour-Over Will.

A Pour-Over Will is a little different than a traditional will. It includes specific instructions to place any assets not placed inside your trust into the trust as soon as possible. This type of will still has to go through probate, but probate will only apply to assets left out of the trust and can typically be probated less formally.

While the goal in using a Revocable Trust is to avoid probate completely, the Pour-Over Will is an important “just in case” document to have if you have Trusts.

Parents of minor children have yet another reason to have a Pour-Over Will, even when there is a Revocable Living Trust. A will is used to name the person or people you want to serve as guardians for your minor children, if both parents are deceased. Leaving this decision to be made by the court rather than by you is something to be avoided at all costs.

Reference: Coeur d’Alene/Post Falls Press (Sep. 10, 2023) “How does a Pour-Over Will work?”

 

At Long Last, Trial Leads to Final Decision on Aretha Franklin’s Will

“History is filled with examples of celebrities who died without a will: Bob Marley, Prince, Howard Hughes, Pablo Picasso, Jimi Hendrix and even Abraham Lincoln.”

The trial over the Queen of Soul’s estate is over. The jury’s decided that the 2014 will, secreted under a couch cushion, is the valid will. The title of a recent article from CNBC says it all: “Longtime Aretha Franklin estate battle shows the importance of having a proper will.” You need a will and an estate plan, even if you're not a celebrity.

Aretha Franklin died in 2018; at first, no one even knew she had a will. Two handwritten wills then were found. Franklin was a resident of Michigan, where handwritten or “holographic” wills are legally permissible. The question was, which of the two wills were valid?

Everyone needs a will, a legal document detailing their wishes to distribute assets and property upon death. Parents with minor children use wills to nominate a legal guardian for their children, and the will is also used to name an executor to be in charge of carrying out the directions in the will.

When someone dies without a will, they have passed “intestate.” When this happens, state law dictates how an estate is distributed.

Franklin had two handwritten wills, one in 2010 and the second in 2014. Both were found in her Detroit home months after her death. She had four sons, and the legal dispute was between her sons, who disagreed over which handwritten will should govern her estate. There were significant differences between the documents.

The more recent will generally take precedence over an older one. However, a handwritten will can go wrong in many ways. The lengthy estate battle over Franklin’s will exemplifies why everyone needs a properly prepared will.

Some assets don’t pass through the will, such as those with beneficiary designations. If property is owned in “joint tenancy,” where two or more people own property together, the surviving party inherits the property.

How assets are titled governs their distribution. For instance, assets held in a trust are owned by the trust, and the trustee will distribute assets according to the language in the trust.

When someone dies, the executor presents the will to the court as part of a probate proceeding. The will and its contents become a matter of public record. Anyone who wants to see the will can, which is why many people prefer to use trusts, which are private.

If you don’t have a will, meet with an estate planning attorney, and start the process. If your will is over five years old, it’s time for an update.

Reference: CNBC (July 11, 2023) “Longtime Aretha Franklin estate battle shows the importance of having a proper will”

Estate Plans Require Preparation for Success

“One major misconception is we simply can tell loved ones what we want to happen for the purposes of health or property distribution and family members can ensure that those wishes are followed.”

Making wishes clear to family members is never enough to satisfy legal standards, according to a recent article, “Preparation is essential part of estate plan” from The News-Enterprise. Quite the opposite occurs when family members refuse to follow verbal requests, especially when personal grievances come to the surface during times of grief.

A second misconception concerns the spouse or children being able to step in and take action for a loved one solely based on the family relationship.

Many parents have children who would make poor agents, so many don’t name their children to act on their behalf. Even if you want your spouse or child to act on your behalf, you have to name them in the proper legal documents.

A third frequent misconception is that documents can be created when needed. Not so! Documents like Power of Attorney, Health Care Power of Attorney, Living Will and others must be created well in advance. An incapacitated person cannot sign legal documents, so if no planning has been done, the family will have to petition the court to name a guardian—an expensive, time-consuming and complicated process.

Every adult should have three basic documents while they are in good health: a Health Care Power of Attorney, a Durable Power of Attorney and a Last Will and Testament.

The Health Care Power of Attorney gives another person the right to make healthcare decisions for you if you are unable to do so. It also gives another person the right to access protected health care information, including medical and health insurance records. It may also be used to authorize organ and/or tissue donation and set limitations for donation. Finally, the document may direct end-of-life decisions regarding artificial life support.

The Durable Power of Attorney allows another person to handle legal and financial matters. It can be effective upon signing or upon incapacity. Without correctly executed Powers of Attorney, the family will need to apply for guardianship.

The Last Will and Testament determines who should receive any specific property and how your property is to be divided and distributed. Wills are only effective upon death, so any property in the will continues to be yours until death. Wills are also used to name the executor who will be responsible for administering the estate. It can also be used to set up additional protections for disabled beneficiaries, minor children and others who are not good with finances.

Speak with an experienced estate planning attorney to be certain to have these essential documents to prepare for the times when life doesn’t go as expected. Preparation is key to protecting yourself and those you love.

Reference: The News-Enterprise (May 13, 2023) “Preparation is essential part of estate plan”

Estate Planning Mistakes to Avoid

“It is a common misconception that only the ‘uber rich’ need an estate plan, when in actuality, everyone should have a plan.”

If you fail to create an estate plan, your state’s laws will determine who will inherit your assets and if you have minor children, the court will appoint a guardian to raise your children. The state's laws may not be what you had in mind for your legacy. However, this happens if you fail to have an estate plan, as described in the article “AVOID THESE (estate planning) MISTAKES!” from Westchester & Fairfield County Business Journals.

Failing to have a plan or review your estate plan regularly. Failing to have a plan is the most common mistake Americans make. Unfortunately, less than half of all U.S. adults have estate planning documents in place, and only 36 percent of parents with minor children have end-of-life plans. You may feel estate planning is optional. However, everyone over 18 should have a plan.

It doesn’t have to be complicated. However, a simple will prepared by an experienced estate planning attorney indicating who should receive your assets upon death and advance directives indicating who will handle medical (health care proxy) decisions and financial power of attorney decisions in case of incapacity is a good start. Once your plan is in place, reviewing it every three to five years is a good idea.

Thinking that a trust will make things too complicated or neglecting to fund a trust. Revocable and/or irrevocable trusts are excellent ways to avoid probate, the surrogate court’s process to validate a will and executor and specify how funds will be distributed to beneficiaries. Using a revocable trust and properly funding can eliminate the need for some or all of your estate to pass through probate, depending on how the trust is structured.

Relying too heavily on beneficiary designations. Far too many people think they can avoid having an estate plan by depending on beneficiary designations on all assets. For example, let’s say you have an investment account in your name alone, with your spouse and children as beneficiaries. From a tax planning perspective, you may lose tax planning opportunities if funds are passed directly to a beneficiary spouse. If a beneficiary is a minor and receives the assets, the court must appoint a guardian. Those funds would then be held in control of the court until the minor beneficiary reaches the age of majority. A trust for a minor child is one way to solve this problem.

If a named beneficiary dies before you without a secondary or surviving beneficiary, the account will become part of the probate estate. If you have received Medicaid benefits, whether home care or nursing home care, the asset will be subject to any claims made by Medicaid or creditors.

Using online templates and forms. Estate planning attorneys devote a fair amount of time to fixing the mistakes made by people downloading online forms. They may be inexpensive initially. However, mistakes and/or omissions can’t be corrected if an individual becomes incapacitated or deceased. In addition, when the forms don’t comply with state-specific laws, they may become invalid.

Keeping estate plans and wishes a secret. If family members or trusted friends don’t know you have an estate plan or don’t know where documents are located, it makes their tasks very difficult. The person you name as your health care power of attorney, for instance, needs to know where all of your advance directives are located and be able to access them in the event you become incapacitated. Similarly, your executor needs to know where wills and trust documents can be found. Equally important is discussing your wishes for burial, funeral and other arrangements.

Having a plan for incapacity and death is a gift to those you love, ensuring they know what to do, sparing them from a frantic search for time-sensitive documents and alleviating them from guessing what you would have wanted.

Reference: Westchester & Fairfield County Business Journals (March 16, 2023) “AVOID THESE (estate planning) MISTAKES!”

What Does a Last Will and Testament Do?

“A last will and testament is essential for every adult. It establishes one’s wishes for distributing their property, whether real or personal, after death.”

Your will is the foundation of an estate plan, used to instruct your executor on distributing property, naming a guardian for minor children, creating a legacy and ensuring that your beneficiaries receive what you want. The will can also serve to disinherit a family member, as explained in the recent article “Last will can both include and exclude heirs” from The Record-Courier.

The process of cutting someone out of a will is known as “disinheriting.” Hurt feelings and tension among family members are inevitable when someone is disinherited. However, if the goal is to avoid litigation between family members, an experienced estate planning attorney will be needed. It takes careful planning to avoid creating a will contest. Disinheriting adult children increases the likelihood of them contesting the validity of the will.

Laws concerning inheritance rights vary. In Nevada, for instance, unless there is a prenuptial agreement, you cannot completely disinherit a spouse. Even if your will attempts to disinherit a spouse, in some cases the law will actually override the instructions in the will or trust and award a portion of the estate, known as the elective share, to a surviving spouse. If this is a concern, check with your estate planning attorney.

Adult children can be disinherited. However, minor children are often protected against disinheritance.

Parents can be disinherited if they outlive the decedent, since they are not always legally entitled to a share of their children’s estate.

Extended relatives can also be disinherited. Some estate planning attorneys will conduct a search for missing heirs or beneficiaries while preparing an estate plan to be sure there are no unknown legal heirs who might make themselves known to a decedent’s surviving spouse or other heirs.

Estranged biological children can be disinherited. However, the last will and testament must be properly prepared.

The reasons for disinheritance very from estrangement to the decedent believing their family member is financially secure and doesn’t need the inheritance. It is not necessary for the last will and testament to explain the reason for the disinheritance. However, it is advised to use a disinheritance clause to ensure the heir or beneficiary is removed and will not inherit under the will.

To protect the integrity of the will, it is also advised to include a no-contest clause in the will. This is a provision expressing a directive to eliminate the share allocated to any beneficiary who takes action to contest the testator’s intents as expressed in the will.

The last will and testament is the person’s last communication with loved ones. There is no further opportunity for clarification once they have passed. This is why it’s so important to have a will and for the will to explicitly state the names of the beneficiaries and the names of any disinherited persons.

When you meet with your estate planning attorney to create or update your last will and testament, be prepared to tell them if there are any family members who you want to disinherit, so they can create a last will and testament and an estate plan designed to withstand challenges.

Reference: The Record-Courier (Dec. 17, 2022) “Last will can both include and exclude heirs”