King & Wood, P.A.

Welcome Caroline Palmer!

We are pleased to announce that Caroline Palmer has joined our firm as Front Desk Coordinator.  Caroline will administer our client intake and scheduling processes. 

Caroline is a 2019 graduate of Florida State University, where she completed a B.A. in History with a minor in English.  A native of Live Oak, Florida, Caroline enjoys taking her dog, Jack, to the park, spending time with family and friends, and travelling when she can.  Caroline plans to continue her education by pursuing a master’s degree in Library and Information Sciences.

 

Welcome to the firm, Caroline!

Pennsylvania Falling Down in Care for the Elderly

“An internal Pennsylvania state government watchdog agency is criticizing how county-level agencies investigate thousands of complaints they receive about elder abuse and how the state ensures that complaints are investigated adequately.”

The Pennsylvania State Office of the Inspector General noted numerous failures by some county-level agencies to properly investigate complaints under timelines required by state law and inadequate staffing of the state office that monitors those agencies. The IG’s report also said investigative practices are not standardized across counties. It further criticized training requirements for caseworkers as far too weak, particularly compared to model states.

Pittsburgh CBS Local’s article, “Pa. Criticized for How it Handles Elder Abuse Cases,” also reports that complaints can involve physical abuse, self-neglect or financial exploitation. Pennsylvania, like other states, is experiencing a fast-growing number of complaints that has forced some counties to hire more caseworkers to keep up with the workload.

Pennsylvania Governor Tom Wolf’s administration said it has started to address the report’s findings. Just before the report was released, the governor fired the top two officials in the Department of Aging, which oversees what is called protective services for people who are 60 and older.

The Associated Press reviewed hundreds of pages of Department of Aging records in 2017 and discovered that the performance of the county-level agencies varied significantly. The department’s reviewers had told some counties that they’d failed, in some cases multiple times, to meet regulations and expectations over properly investigating complaints and logging casework. In addition, the AP also found wide discrepancies in the way in which a county deemed a complaint to be worthy of a full investigation and action. The details of complaints, investigations and the identity of the person whose situation is in question remain confidential.

Caseworkers handled almost 32,000 calls about potential elder abuse in the 2017-18 fiscal year, which is an increase from 18,500 five years earlier. Beginning in 2011, the Department of Aging has been led by people who came from a county-level agency. The department has no oversight from an outside, independent agency or reviewer.

Because of the frustration with the issues identified in elder-abuse investigations, department staff in 2017 started grading counties on a more aggressive compliance schedule. Since that time, more than 33% of the 52 county-level area agencies on aging have at one point received a substandard red or yellow rating, according to information from the department.

Reference: Pittsburgh CBS Local (January 9, 2019) “Pa. Criticized for How it Handles Elder Abuse Cases”

Professional Guardian Preys on Elderly in Nevada

“The choices she made were out of greed, not because she didn’t understand the ethical obligations of being a guardian.”

Several people described their personal grief, and they read letters from several others who lost thousands of dollars and expensive heirlooms that would never be replaced, because a guardian stole from elderly victims for whom she was supposed to care.

The Las Vegas Journal-Review reported in a recent article, “Ex-Nevada guardian to serve up to 40 years behind bars,” that as victims wept and told their stories of suffering during a court hearing, a shackled and seated April Parks kept her head turned and never looked their way.

Karen Kelly, Clark County’s public guardian, read through a long list of names of seniors who were victimized and lived under “intense anxiety and anguish” for the final years of their lives because of Parks and those who worked closely with her. Parks’ business partner, Mark Simmons, and her husband, Gary Neal Taylor, also were ordered to serve time in prison. In addition, the judge ordered the three defendants to pay more than $500,000 to their victims. Parks, 53, pleaded guilty last year to exploitation, theft and perjury charges.

One woman, Barbara Ann Neely, said Parks separated her from family and friends, saying, “She was not a guardian to me.”

Neely said. “She did not protect me. As each day passed, I felt like I was in a grave, buried alive.”

Another victim compared Parks to Hitler.

The 53-year-old Parks told the judge that she accepted responsibility “but never intended harm,” adding that “things could have been done better. … We were a group practice, and honestly I think some things got ahead of us.”

She claimed that she had a “great passion” for guardianship and took “great care and concern” in her work.

Parks was one of the most active private professional guardians in Nevada, and she frequently acted as the surrogate decision-maker for as many as 50 to 100 elderly and mentally incapacitated people at a given time. As guardian, she had total control of their finances, estates and medical decisions.

Las Vegas Journal-Review (January 4, 2019) “Ex-Nevada guardian to serve up to 40 years behind bars”

How Can I Protect an Elder Loved One From Abuse?

“The elderly are often seen as easy targets for criminals and unscrupulous scammers alike.”

The (Lorain OH) Morning Journal’s recent article, “How to protect elder loved ones from abuse,” reports that the National Center on Elder Abuse says the 2010 census showed the largest number and proportion of people are 65 years old and older in the U.S. population with 40.3 million people, or about 13% of the population. By 2050, that number is expected to more than double to 83.7 million.

A 2010 national study found that financial abuse is the most commonly reported form of abuse followed by potential neglect, emotional mistreatment, physical mistreatment and sexual mistreatment. With financial abuse and neglect, the courts often must get involved to limit the damage and try to get the elderly person the help they need.

When looking for elder abuse in family or friends, look for changes in their circumstances. A neighbor may become more isolated or is making decisions that are potentially harmful to themselves. There’s also self-neglect, where a senior isn’t taking good care of themselves. “New people” in their lives may also be a risk. They may want to assume control over the senior’s person’s life and exclude other people who have had longstanding relationships with the person.

Financial exploitation can take many different forms. Isolation is a critical component of financial exploitation. If a senior is isolated from the people who’ve helped them make financial decisions in the past, and then a new person comes along, that individual may try to make financial decisions for their own gain.

If you think a loved one or neighbor is suffering from elder abuse, start by just talking to them. Talk to them about some of the changes you’ve seen.

There are people who are required by law to report elder abuse, and that list has recently expanded to include chiropractors, dentists, ambulance drivers, coroners and member of the clergy, among many others.

A judge can freeze a bank account and suspend powers of attorney. She can also order evaluations and require that Medicaid and Medicare applications be made for the adult. A judge can continue her orders up to six months and appoint guardians.

The best way to keep loved ones safe from this kind of elder abuse, is to make certain that important legal documents like a will and powers of attorney are done while the person is still competent, and that people they trust are named to carry out those documents.

Reference: The (Lorain OH) Morning Journal (December 26, 2018) “How to protect elder loved ones from abuse”

Choose Power of Attorney Agents Wisely

“O’Hara used a steady stream of his mother’s income from Social Security and other investments ‘to pay for personal expenses, including cell phone plans, credit card payments, youth soccer fees and entertainment,’ the indictment said.”

For nearly four years, John Jerome O’Hara took charge of his mother’s care at a Kentucky nursing home. She suffered from Alzheimer’s disease.

O’Hara gained power of attorney over her affairs in June 2014. He was expected to manage thousands of dollars in income a month. In addition, O’Hara was supposed to use that income for his mom’s living expenses at Wesley Manor in Louisville.

However, reports The Washington Post in the article “He had power of attorney over his Alzheimer’s-afflicted mother—and stole $332,000, grand jury says,” for nearly four years, O’Hara robbed his mother instead. The charges contained 18 counts—ten of bank fraud, four of wire fraud and four of “access device fraud.”

The charges carry a maximum of several lifetimes in prison, the indictment said.

Each bank fraud count carries a maximum of 30 years in prison. In addition, there’s the potential for hefty fines and restitution.

O’Hara took the funds, in part, by writing checks to himself, according to the indictment.

He also wrote checks out to cash or signed “POA” for power of attorney. He withdrew money from her bank accounts to use for his expenses, prosecutors allege.

O’Hara’s alleged theft left a trail of financial distress, which was clear to investigators. Most significantly, he failed to pay his mother’s living expenses, the indictment said. This forced other family members to pay more than $100,000 to keep her cared for at the nursing home.

In addition, O’Hara left other obligations unpaid. He missed mortgage payments at his mother’s home in Lexington, the indictment said, and the home was foreclosed in March, as a result.

Reference: The Washington Post (December 9, 2018) “He had power of attorney over his Alzheimer’s-afflicted mother—and stole $332,000, grand jury says”

What is Seattle Doing to Combat Elder Abuse?

“As Seattle’s senior population rises, elder abuse is increasingly becoming an issue on city officials and caretakers’ radars. Advocates throughout the nation are calling on states to increase public awareness of elder abuse and for courts to respond to the epidemic.”

Research from the New England Center for Investigative Reporting shows that adult protective services throughout the country conducted more than 713,000 elder-abuse investigations in fiscal year 2017. Almost a third of the cases identified the victims of abuse or self-neglect. In Washington State, reported elder-abuse cases increased from 19,000 in 2012 to 49,000 in 2017, according to Seattle Weekly’s recent article, “Seattle Takes on Elder Abuse as Reported Cases Rise.”

Mary Lynn Pannen, the founder and CEO of Washington-based geriatric care management firm Sound Options, remarks that the increased reporting is a result of better data collection. She has seen progress in the state’s response to elder abuse, since she worked as the head of a Tacoma-Pierce County Health Department counsel that focused on the issue 35 years ago. Over the past 30 years, she and her staffers have consulted with families throughout the region on caring for older adults. Employees help caretakers create and execute care plans, work with elder law attorneys and advocate on behalf of people in care facilities. Staffers are trained to be keenly aware of elder-abuse cases, which typically show up as financial exploitation. They’ll look for signals like bruises on the senior’s body or a refusal by family members or caretakers to allow the senior to respond to the staffers’ inquiries. Once they’ve gathered enough information to suspect abuse, staffers then report it to Adult Protective Services.

“One of the things to prevent abuse, is to make sure that we can help de-stress the whole family unit, because caregiving is really hard,” Pannen said. “This is a serious issue and we need to have the public understand that.”

Abuse often goes unreported because older adults feel shame or are unaware about the neglect or abuse they’ve received from their own family members or caregivers. Local agencies have strengthened protections for seniors in recent years.

The Seattle Human Services Department’s Aging and Disability Services Division (HSD/ADS) seeks to address the widespread issue, by working with the Office of the King County Prosecuting Attorney and Adult Protective Services to provide older adults with financial, health, legal services and safe housing in the face of abuse.

According to Adult Protective Services’ (APS) data, King County’s work is helping to increase elder-abuse reporting. They reported a nearly 50% increase over the previous five years in reported allegations of elder abuse in 2014. In 2017, more than 11,000 allegations were reported to APS in the region that includes King County, with nearly 30% of the cases concerning financial exploitation.

Reference: Seattle Weekly (December 12, 2018) “Seattle Takes on Elder Abuse as Reported Cases Rise”

“As Seattle’s senior population rises, elder abuse is increasingly becoming an issue on city officials and caretakers’ radars. Advocates throughout the nation are calling on states to increase public awareness of elder abuse and for courts to respond to the epidemic.”

Research from the New England Center for Investigative Reporting shows that adult protective services throughout the country conducted more than 713,000 elder-abuse investigations in fiscal year 2017. Almost a third of the cases identified the victims of abuse or self-neglect. In Washington State, reported elder-abuse cases increased from 19,000 in 2012 to 49,000 in 2017, according to Seattle Weekly’s recent article, “Seattle Takes on Elder Abuse as Reported Cases Rise.”

Mary Lynn Pannen, the founder and CEO of Washington-based geriatric care management firm Sound Options, remarks that the increased reporting is a result of better data collection. She has seen progress in the state’s response to elder abuse, since she worked as the head of a Tacoma-Pierce County Health Department counsel that focused on the issue 35 years ago. Over the past 30 years, she and her staffers have consulted with families throughout the region on caring for older adults. Employees help caretakers create and execute care plans, work with elder law attorneys and advocate on behalf of people in care facilities. Staffers are trained to be keenly aware of elder-abuse cases, which typically show up as financial exploitation. They’ll look for signals like bruises on the senior’s body or a refusal by family members or caretakers to allow the senior to respond to the staffers’ inquiries. Once they’ve gathered enough information to suspect abuse, staffers then report it to Adult Protective Services.

“One of the things to prevent abuse, is to make sure that we can help de-stress the whole family unit, because caregiving is really hard,” Pannen said. “This is a serious issue and we need to have the public understand that.”

Abuse often goes unreported because older adults feel shame or are unaware about the neglect or abuse they’ve received from their own family members or caregivers. Local agencies have strengthened protections for seniors in recent years.

The Seattle Human Services Department’s Aging and Disability Services Division (HSD/ADS) seeks to address the widespread issue, by working with the Office of the King County Prosecuting Attorney and Adult Protective Services to provide older adults with financial, health, legal services and safe housing in the face of abuse.

According to Adult Protective Services’ (APS) data, King County’s work is helping to increase elder-abuse reporting. They reported a nearly 50% increase over the previous five years in reported allegations of elder abuse in 2014. In 2017, more than 11,000 allegations were reported to APS in the region that includes King County, with nearly 30% of the cases concerning financial exploitation.

Reference: Seattle Weekly (December 12, 2018) “Seattle Takes on Elder Abuse as Reported Cases Rise”

TV Titan’s Grandson Says Guardian Needed

TV Titan’s Grandson Says Guardian Needed

“Sumner Redstone's grandson has asked the court to appoint a guardian ad litem in the legal battle over his estate planning documents, claiming the 95-year-old mogul struggles to communicate and the move will ensure the "integrity" of the proceedings is protected.”

Tyler Korff, grandson of the 95-year-old media titan Sumner Redstone, says that his grandfather has a "severe speech impairment." He claims that a court-appointed independent attorney would protect the integrity of the legal proceedings, according to a recent report in The Hollywood Reporter, “Grandson Requests Sumner Redstone Guardian.”

Redstone has been the subject of numerous legal skirmishes with former companions that have questioned the former Viacom chairman's ability to make decisions about his life and his business. A third party could make certain that those disputes are settled in his best interest.

After arguing in court for years that Redstone doesn’t possess the mental capacity needed to remove Manuela Herzer from his estate planning documents after he kicked her out of his mansion in 2015, Herzer changed her approach. Her attorneys are now claiming that because Redstone's legal team insists that he does, in fact, have capacity and is the impetus behind the elder abuse lawsuit against Herzer and his former fiancée Sydney Holland, it suggests he can't ask the court to confirm the validity of his trust before his death.

In a recent hearing, L.A. County probate judge David Cowan said it was time to appoint an independent attorney to watch after Redstone's interests. Redstone's grandson Tyler Korff made the formal request. In a separate filing, Redstone stated he consents to "the Court's appointment of an independent guardian ad litem to represent my interests in this proceeding."

"Mr. Redstone suffers from a number of health conditions, including most notably a severe speech impairment that limits his ability to communicate verbally," states Korff's petition. "The Court has raised appropriate concerns about ensuring that the interests of Mr. Redstone are protected and that the resolution of his petition is not reasonably susceptible to challenge, based on questions about his ability to have directed the litigation."

Korff also claims that a guardian will safeguard the integrity of the proceedings "in the face of Ms. Herzer's repeated and well-publicized assertions that this litigation is being controlled by and for the benefit of persons other than Mr. Redstone."

Korff's filing recommended that the guardian be chosen from two probate attorneys, Jackson Chen and Samuel Ingham, III. Ingham oversees the pop singer Britney Spears' conservatorship.

Reference: The Hollywood Reporter (December 6, 2018) “Grandson Requests Sumner Redstone Guardian”

What State Ranks Last in Elder Care?

What State Ranks Last in Elder Care?

“In yet another depressing ranking for South Carolina, a new report ranks the state 51st in protecting against elder abuse across 14 measurements.”

A study that compares all 50 states and Washington, D.C. in three categories related to the protection of Americans aged 65 or older—prevalence, resources and protection—finds South Carolina dead last in the rankings.

The Charleston City Paper reports in its recent article, “South Carolina ranks dead last in protections against elder abuse, study finds,” that the study was released by finance website WalletHub.

Massachusetts was in the top spot in the analysis.

In the prevalence category, which gauges the share of "elder-abuse, gross-neglect, and exploitation complaints," South Carolina tied California at 50. The Palmetto State also tied five other states—Georgia, Kansas, Maine, Montana, and North Dakota—for the lowest total expenditure on elder abuse prevention.

The most common types of elder abuse are neglect and financial, according to Florida International University social work Professor Rich Beaulaurier, who spoke to WalletHub for the report.

"Both have been increasing in recent years," he said. "There has been a huge increase in mechanisms to scam or exploit older people out of their money and savings. Medicare and bank fraud, mortgage fraud, and other scams target older people differentially."

The report noted that South Carolinians received 3.3 million robocalls per day in November 2018, according to robocall-blocking software YouMail.

In May 2018, Governor Henry McMaster signed legislation designed to thwart a popular subset of fraudulent calls in South Carolina. The law targets a practice known as "spoofing," defined in the bill as a scam call that shows "misleading, false, or inaccurate caller identification information on the receiving party's telephone."

Kathleen Wilber, a professor of health services administration at the University of Southern California, who also was interviewed by WalletHub for the report, remarked that aggressive policies that go after scammers can help. However, protecting against elder abuse is a multi-faceted task that should include better monitoring of abuse in facilities and more accessible mental health care for both the elderly and their caregivers.

"It is not uncommon for caregivers to lack the capacity and ability to support frail older people—sometimes we assume the kids are the caregivers when they have historically been receiving care from mom or dad because of their own disabilities," she said.

The five states that ranked best for protections against elderly abuse are Massachusetts, Wisconsin, Nevada, Michigan and Arizona.

Reference: Charleston City Paper (December 4, 2018) “South Carolina ranks dead last in protections against elder abuse, study finds”

What Type of Things Can’t a Nursing Home Do?

What Type of Things Can’t a Nursing Home Do?

“People who reside in nursing homes are in a vulnerable position, since they are in need of near-constant assistance–not just with medical and health problems, but also, often, for daily living activities. Federal and state laws exist to safeguard nursing home residents’ care. However, your ability to protect yourself or your loved one during a short- or long-term nursing home stay, depends in part on knowing what these facilities are not allowed to do and what action to take if a violation occurs.”

 

Investopedia’s recent article, “Things Nursing Homes Are Not Allowed to Do” cautions that the discussion points in its article apply specifically to skilled nursing facilities, that are defined by Medicare as a special facility or part of a hospital that provides medically necessary professional services from nurses, physical and occupational therapists, speech pathologists and audiologists. They don’t apply to assisted living facilities or retirement homes.

Discrimination. Federal law prohibits skilled nursing facilities from making a decision about whether someone can live there based on race, color, religion, age, sex or any other protected characteristic.

Services Provided. A skilled nursing facility must state in writing the types of services it will provide and fees before a patient moves in. Some types of retirement facilities, like continuing care communities, also require a large buy-in fee up front that guarantees residents access to various levels of care as their needs change, but skilled nursing facilities can’t charge those fees.

Health Assessment. When a patient first enters a nursing home, he is given a health assessment. These assessments continue daily for the length of his stay. The medical staff will evaluate the patient’s physical and mental health, medications, ability to take basic care of himself and ability to speak and make decisions. The assessments are used to plan treatment, evaluate progress and determine ongoing eligibility for Medicare coverage. Residents can participate in their care plan, and if they’re not able to do so, an adult child can participate on their behalf.

Money Management. A nursing home may offer to manage a resident’s personal funds as part of its services, but it can’t require a resident to let it manage their money, and it cannot do so without the resident’s written consent. When approved, the nursing home must provide quarterly financial statements and cannot prevent residents from accessing their bank accounts, cash or financial documents. If a resident deposits more than $50 into a managed account, that account must pay interest.

Dignity and Respect. Federal law states that nursing home residents have the right to be treated with dignity and respect. This includes making decisions on the time they want to go to bed and when they get up; what time to eat; and what to do during the day, provided their decisions don’t conflict with the care plan. Residents cannot be verbally or physically abused, medicated with drugs that aren’t in their treatment plan, restrained physically (unless they pose a danger to themselves or others), involuntarily isolated or to have their property used or taken by anyone else at the facility. Patients have the right to privacy and to personal property—this means being allowed to open their own mail and to have private phone conversations.

Visitation. Patients can have visitors during reasonable times of day. They’re also allowed to refuse visitors they don’t want to see. Family members must be allowed to have access to the patient at any time (unless the patient says otherwise).

Physical Condition. Even though a patient is in poor physical or mental health, she has the right to be told her physical condition; her diagnoses; and the types of medications she’s been prescribed. She also has a right to see her medical records. Patients can continue to see their own doctors, meaning they don’t have to accept the services of practitioners provided by the nursing home. Patients also have the same right to refuse treatments and medications that outpatients do. If a patient needs mental, legal, or financial counseling concerning her treatment, the nursing home must provide these services.

Medicare Benefits. Nursing homes don’t have to keep track of the Medicare benefits being used to pay for a patient's care. When it comes to facilities, Medicare coverage can be complicated because it covers a stay completely for a certain number of days but then pays a set amount for an additional period and all this only under certain conditions. After that, patients are responsible for the whole bill, unless they have long-term care insurance or some other form of coverage.

The nursing home doesn’t have to notify a resident that the benefit days are ending, and it can continue to charge them for their care. The one exception is if Original Medicare benefits stop earlier than expected, because the care is deemed no longer “medically reasonable and necessary.” In that case, the nursing home must notify the patient that coverage is ending, when it’s ending and why. The nursing home must also tell such patients that they’ll be responsible for further costs and how much it estimates those costs will be. But a facility usually can’t require another family member to pay for a resident’s care.

Discharge Planning. Nursing homes must help with discharge planning, and they generally can’t discharge a patient or transfer him to another facility without his consent, unless:

• the patient’s health has declined to the stage, where the facility can no longer meet his needs;
• the patient has improved to the point, where he no longer requires the facility’s services; or
• the patient poses a threat to his own welfare or that of other residents.

In addition, a resident can be discharged for not paying the facility’s bills (but not when the delinquency is caused by waiting for Medicaid payments from the government).

Complaints. Residents and their advocates have a right to complain about any issue they have in a nursing home, and nursing homes can’t punish someone for doing so.

Ability to Sue. A 2016 regulation gave nursing home residents and their families the ability to sue any nursing home that receives federal funding. Before this, nursing homes could try to force people into arbitration, and any quality of care and safety issues could be kept private. However, a preliminary injunction granted in Mississippi in late in 2016 put this regulation on hold for now.

New Rules. There are new rules that give nursing home residents more rights. Residents will be allowed to receive any visitor, not just relatives, at any hour of the day, provided visitors don’t disturb fellow residents. Residents who want to live together will be permitted to do so, and nursing homes will have greater responsibility for ensuring that residents’ personal belongings aren’t lost or taken. In addition, nursing homes will be required to provide meals and snacks when residents want them, rather than only at set times. Staff will get more training in caring for dementia patients and preventing elder abuse, and nursing homes won’t be able to easily discharge residents with dementia, by sending them to a hospital and then refusing to readmit them.

In effect, a person’s rights as a nursing home resident should be the same as the rights she had outside the facility.

Reference: Investopedia (September 30, 2018) “Things Nursing Homes Are Not Allowed to Do”

How Do I Help My Elderly Parent Manage His Money?

How Do I Help My Elderly Parent Manage His Money?

“It’s a common issue as investors live longer and hold portfolios amassed over a lifetime.”

Experts say that children need to approach financial discussions with their parents with a soft touch. Everyone slows down as they age, and it can be catastrophic for seniors who choose overly risky holdings, forget to monitor their portfolio or fall victim to schemers.

U.S. News & World Report’s recent article, “How to Help Aging Parents Manage Portfolios,” says that, at some point, adult children may believe it's time to help with responses from the subtle (just a few suggestions) to the intermediate (monitoring accounts) to the extreme (gaining control from their parents).  However, how do you know when it's the right time?

These are delicate subjects, and it can be a hard to speak with aging parents about their money and their potential to be the targets of scams. Loneliness and depression raise the odds of financial exploitation. Changes in social circumstances, like the loss of a spouse, can greatly increase risk and vulnerability.

Right after losing the ability to drive, the biggest loss of independence a senior citizen experiences is the ability to handle their own finances. Just a few mistakes, can wreck a portfolio's ability to cover the parents' remaining expenses or provide the bequests they'd hoped to leave to family.

While control issues make many uncomfortable, hurt feelings and hassles are in many cases much worse, if problems are left to fester. The first step is to be aware of signs of mental decline—don’t jump to conclusions each time a senior struggles for a word. It’s not good to have your parent feel like she’s under a microscope and being constantly monitored.

If there are past-due notices all about, or if there’s a lot of charity mail, it might be a sign of a problem handling finances or dealing with day-to-day financial matters.

Start that discussion gently, by talking about your own finances to help put the parent at ease. Make it casual, not a confrontation with a formal sit-down. Do it one-on-one.

If the first steps raise concerns, the child can simply offer some suggestions to make things run more smoothly, like setting up automatic cash transfers from the parent's investment accounts to a bank account, and automatic bill payments from the bank. Assisting with the parent's tax return, can also ease the parent's burdens and allow the child to keep on top of things. In addition, the child can register with the bank to get copies of bank and investment statements, so that he can monitor if there are any suspicious withdrawals or failures to pay monthly expenses.

If the parent is showing distinct signs of weakened abilities, it might be time to go further and ask for access to the parent's accounts. Make this an offer to help, not a takeover. That way the child can monitor financial accounts.

You can also have your parent designate you as their agent in a durable power of attorney, which allows you to transact business on their behalf.

At some point, an elderly person may not be competent to handle financial affairs at all. Poorly-advised investments or susceptibility to scams are a definite sign of vulnerability. The adult child can petition a judge to make the child the parent's conservator or guardian to take charge of finances and other matters involving the parent's welfare. It is an adversarial and complex proceeding with attorneys and medical experts.

Don't wait until something has happened. Being proactive is a better approach for all concerned.

Reference: U.S. News & World Report (October 22, 2018) “How to Help Aging Parents Manage Portfolios”